Ahrefs and Semrush pricing Ahrefs. it also shows you how your site is ranked against others with metrics such as backlinks, domain ratings, and more. Ahrefs Site Explorer provides a suite of tools including a component for backlink & on-page SEO analysis, online brand mentions tracking, and domain comparison tool for competitor analysis, etc. The Domain Overview tool of spyFu allows you to obtain insights that are valuable to your competitor’s marketing strategies. You can compare up to 5 domains at one time with this tool. While these measurements are helpful, recollect that sites don’t rank exclusively due to. Domain Rating (DR) is an Ahrefs metric that shows the relative strength of a website’s backlink profile. New project setup is easy. com. Consumer favorite zillow. 5. In the same way, the statistical reality Ahrefs is facing is stacked towards a small percentage of domains in their index. ”Ahrefs Advanced Plan. As is the case with Ahrefs’ backlink analytics tool, Semrush has had more time perfecting its Site Audit tool and hence does a better job at identifying critical on-site errors that are hurting your site’s search visibility. Domain Comparison. 4% of domains made up the DR 0-20 range. It was followed by SEO PowerSuite (21. I started using the tools to see which one is best and noticed that. Content Gap. On paper, both Ahrefs vs Semrush look similar. Ahrefs Site Explorer provides a suite of tools including a component for backlink & on-page SEO analysis, online brand mentions tracking, and domain comparison tool for competitor analysis, etc. Moz is an advanced SEO toolset and its pricing starts at $99/mo which is backed by the largest community of SEOs whereas Semrush is an all-in-one SEO toolkit and its pricing starts at $129. Below are some actionable ways to use this report. If you need a reliable SEO tools combination, then keep in mind that pick only those tools that provide the most features. Here, you can examine the similarities and differences between Ahrefs (overall score at 9. ”SEO for Chiropractors. In short: Ahrefs is an SEO tool designed to help people get higher Google rankings. Ahrefs shows metrics like domain ratings, backlinks, images, and much more. ” $Semrush vs Ahrefs: A Comparison Breakdown And Overview. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. Ahrefs. Ahrefs is clearly among the more expensive software options, with packages beginning at $99 per month. Ahrefs is one of the most famous just because of it quality of features and some of the best three things about ahrefs are its Domain Comparison, Content Explorer, and Rank Tracker. Find out why SEOs love Ahrefs and learn about the unique things only Ahrefs can do. You get instant insight into any website URL you enter into the specified field. Like I said above, Ubersuggest is a high-quality tool. Domain Comparison Feature Ahrefs Ahrefs boasts a vast database of billions of keywords, offering in-depth competitor analysis and precise reports. Unfortunately, Ahrefs recently switched over to usage-based pricing. Slow pages. You can use Ahrefs to identify potential competitors on. 95/month. 7T backlinks which is updated every 15 to 30 minutes. Let me discuss the pricing plans in detail here for you to make an informed decision. But this time round they were up against some fierce competition especially after SEMRush raised $40 million to expand last year. If you are trying to manipulate. When considering any SEO tool, pricing is an important factor to consider. DR is measured on a logarithmic scale from 0 to 100, with the latter being the strongest. Ahrefs . Ahrefs is a set of SEO tools that includes applications for link building, competitor analysis, keyword research, site audits, rank tracking, and site audits. Ahrefs competition analysis. Both Have Strengths in. This is because the tools for competitive analysis of Semrush provide deeper insight into the competitors than the competitor analysis tools of Ahrefs. In-depth SERP analysis. For all other types of businesses, there is a 20% discount on the annual subscription. Each result in the response costs 0 rows. Top subdomains See which keywords are driving traffic Learn which keywords your competitors rank for, and how much traffic each keyword sends their way. How does domain compare to Ahrefs? Domain Comparison | Ahrefs. Ver preços Utilize as seguintes ferramentas e relatórios da Ahrefs para comparar os domínios dos principais competidores e descobrir novas ideias. Enter your domain in the Competitors section. I checked another site from the PBN, and this is what I found: Yes, the sites look. Content Explorer. 95%, respectively). Crucially, Ahrefs uses its own proprietary ranking called “Domain Rating”, instead of Moz’s “Domain. I have broken this comparison into 8x rounds: Keyword Research Features; Domain Analysis; Backlink Analysis; Technical SEO Audit; Rank Tracking; Interface & Easy Of Use Pricing. Top Pages Export - Add RD. 2:05. Domain Comparison is a nifty tool to compare up to 5 domains side by side against metrics like referring domains, backlinks, backlink types, and changes graphs in each domain. See how well your website ranks compared to other websites in the Ahrefs database (based on the size and quality of their backlink profiles, or domain ranking). Don’t simply buy the solution. Introducing You To 4 Backlink Checkers You Can Use. Ahrefs has a database of 2. 14. Compare Semrush vs WebCEO vs Ahrefs in SEO Software category based on 1649 reviews and features, pricing, support and more. Ahrefs rank. You can quickly obtain the total backlinks referring to the domain name you searched. SpyFu is substantially less expensive than Ahrefs, with options starting at $33/month versus. (Image source: SE Ranking) SE Ranking is not just a website traffic analysis service — it’s an all-in-one SEO tool that comes packed with a wealth of useful features. Ahrefs also offers its learning resources. In comparison, Ahrefs’ plans start at $99 per month, which is comparatively higher. Here it’s essential to include all possible sources for URL discovery: Autodetected sitemaps: let Site Audit detect sitemaps and crawl them. $ 99. Rank Tracker lets you monitor your Google rankings on desktop and mobile across 190 countries. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. Link Intersect is one of my favorite tools. per month. A domain comparison tool is also provided by Ahrefs. That said: it’s not quite as feature-rich as Ahrefs. Features. The Ahrefs Alternatives of 2023. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. Score 8. Keywordtool. The Ahrefs dashboard is overall less cluttered than SEMrush. The difference between search engine optimization (SEO) and search engine marketing (SEM) is that SEO focuses on getting traffic from organic search, whereas SEM focuses on getting traffic from organic and paid search. 5 for Ahrefs vs. $ 99. The rank tracker, domain comparison,and content gap tools on Ahrefs are fantastic. Batch Analysis by Ahrefs is a powerful online tool that lets you analyze the SEO performance of multiple URLs at once. They both are essential scores to analyze a website’s SEO. Ahrefs is clearly the winner here by a huge margin – a much larger margin than my initial test with just 3 domains highlighted. 9. So,. You can access it from the app dashboard or the website and get instant data on backlink profiles, domain ratings, and Ahrefs ranks. To use this. per month. They refer to themselves as “the largest index of live backlinks. They refer to themselves as “the largest index of live backlinks. In addition, Ahrefs is rated at 95%, while SpyFu is rated 100% for their user satisfaction level. Ahrefs Site Explorer provides a suite of tools including a component for backlink & on-page SEO analysis, online brand mentions tracking, and domain comparison tool for competitor analysis, etc. Site Explorer The next tool on Ahrefs is the Site Explorer. To give you a better idea, here is a comparison made between Ahrefs, SEMRush, on backlinks. Of course, premium services come at a price. It allows you to analyze in a batch. Just enter a bunch of domains or URLs and Ahrefs will show you their domain level metrics. " You can rank in both of these types of results, making it possible to show up twice on the first page of Google. Ahrefs In addition, Ahrefs Rank Tracker lets you track your website’s rankings for desktop and mobile across 170+ countries. With Ahrefs, you can access the organic traffic metrics of your website,rankings of your pages on the search results, and the country breakdown of your organic traffic. All this rich functionality is placed in a convenient and user-friendly interface that even a beginner can master. $179 /Month. In this post, we’ll compare Ahrefs, SEMrush, and Moz domain rating metrics and try to answer these questions. Ahrefs' SERP Checker gives you an accurate ranking difficulty score and detailed SEO stats for the top 10 search results. So rather than creating another tedious side-by-side comparison of features, we’d share some valuable features that you’ll only find in Ahrefs. g. Ahrefs is an SEO tool made to assist users in improving their Google results. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. Ahrefs specifically allows you to compare domains side by side by analyzing their backlink profiles, untapped keywords, and pages worth building. $99 for Standard. If you need to compare several domains, Ahrefs has the tools for you. In this report, we show how your keyword rankings compare with up to ten competing websites. The content explorer is a content analysis tool. Similarly, you can compare which one has higher general user satisfaction rating: 88% (DeepCrawl) and 95% (Ahrefs) to find out which product is the better choice for your company. Ahrefs shows metrics like domain ratings, backlinks, images, and much more. Additionally, its domain authority feature, local SEO and on-page optimization features are better than Ahrefs. Hogan shares, “Ahrefs and SEMrush are both outstanding. And the top 50 related questions. ” 4. In the Wins by IP test, Ahrefs finds 216% more than Majestic SEO. They both are essential scores to analyze a website’s SEO. Let’s compare Ahrefs vs SEMrush to see which one performs better in this area. ”. Simply enter a domain name to get the top-ranking keywords. Domain Comparison. The competitor analysis tools of Ahrefs includes: Content Gap, Domain Comparison, Competing Pages, Link Intersect, Competing Domains. While Ahrefs allows you to analyze backlinks, Semrush exceeds it in all three categories: backlink database size, backlink reports and tools, and backlink auditing. Add "Traffic Value" to Batch Analysis. Duplicate content. Also check: Semrush group buy at just $1 per day. , with over 1. For every top-ranking page, we show you backlink metrics to help you gauge the competition and understand the ranking difficulty of a keyword:Domain comparison; Compare the backlink profiles of up to 5 different domains. Improved keyword suggestions. Both Have Strengths in Different Areas. Tools. For more details, check the above-discussed comparison. Use these. According to Ahrefs, the Domain Rating of a website reflects its authority, but it is different from Moz’s. Compare backlink profiles between your site and a competitor’s easily with Ahrefs. Ahrefs is the #1 SEO tool on our list and is suggested by many top SEO experts as their favorite tool because it offers all the data and features that a beginner needs to start a website or increase its traffic in search engines. Skip to content. Compared to Ahrefs, SE Ranking is more affordable regardless of its pricing plans. ”Domain Authority (DA) is a search engine ranking score developed by Moz that predicts how likely a website is to rank in search engine result pages (SERPs). Domain Comparison Ahrefs also provides a snapshot overview of your most fierce competitors. Content Gap Analysis – Semrush offers a content gap analysis tool, which allows users to identify gaps in their content strategy compared to. 2. With billions of keywords and indexed pages, Ahrefs is able to offer a comprehensive analysis of your backlink profile. See the strength of your website’s backlink profile on a scale from 0 to 100. Com a ajuda das ferramentas da Ahrefs, pode comparar domínios lado-a-lado ao analisar os seus perfis de backlinks, palavras-chave não exploradas, e páginas que valem a pena construir. Explore an in-depth comparison between SEMrush and Ahrefs, two leading SEO tools, in 2023. h. Lite Plan: $99. 95/month. Summary. 4B visits in 2020. That’s why it’s better to use the Traffic Potential metric from Ahrefs instead. Ahrefs. But it’s nowhere near the level of Ahrefs yet. They refer to themselves as “the largest index of live backlinks. Domain comparison; Integrations, rows - 50,000; Standard. The ranking tracker is accurate and reliable. Our data. Large image files. Agency: Costs $999 per month for 5 users. Suppose you have a list of 100 competitors. Let’s compare Ahrefs vs. Ahrefs has unique features, including domain comparison to compare up to five domains, batch analysis to access comprehensive reports to compare several URLs; link intersects to find opportunities for link building, an SEO toolbar to view your domain rating and backlink stats on pages, and an API external tool to use the database. ”. Ahrefs offers four pricing plans which include: Lite: $99 per month when billed monthly and $83 per month when billed annually. I feel it’s worth mentioning that, with Ahrefs’, you already have to know who your competitors are. Website authority is an SEO concept that refers to the overall “strength” of a particular domain. $179 /Month. Score 8. Ahrefs Advantages. Here are 10 comparisons these professionals highlighted regarding Ahrefs and Moz as domain authority checkers: Ahrefs Has the Edge With its Visuals and Trend Tracking. This is a way to compare how well your site is doing compared to every other site, but it doesn’t exactly give you any information on how to improve. Go to Organic Keywords. The only two free tools you need. The results displayed include a comparison of referring domains and IPs, backlinks,. With different functionalities, pricing, terms, and more to compare, choosing the best SEO Software for your firm is tricky. 7 out of 10. h. Ahrefs Pricing plans comparison. Competitor research: The tool enables you to compare your domain authority with that of your competitors, helping you understand your position in the market and identify areas for improvement. This might be useful for more seasoned veterans who can parse through it more quickly, but this can be overwhelming for the average user. Best SEO Tools: Ahrefs and Semrush Product Comparison Domain Analytics. Start using Ahrefs’ Domain Comparison tool now and see how you stack against your competitors. They refer to themselves as “the largest index of live backlinks. Compare features, pricing, and functionality to find the. In this section, we will examine Ahrefs’ performance in terms of ease of use, ease of setup, value for money, features, support, and G2 rating. Here Is The Detailed Comparison Between SEMrush vs Ahrefs vs RankIQ vs SpyFu On Features, Pros, and Cons. Ahrefs Site Explorer provides a suite of tools including a component for backlink & on-page SEO analysis, online brand mentions tracking, and domain comparison tool for competitor analysis, etc. ”Link velocity in SEO is the rate at which a website or a page is gaining backlinks. Domain comparison. Enter a competitor’s domain in the Target section. In addition, you can also get a 7-day trial account. Check if the software allows you to customize some of its workflows to make sure the app complements your own business workflows. In comparison, Ahrefs provides a freemium version of its software for verified site owners. Email Alerts. Before making the final decision, let’s find out some valid reasons to choose one over another from the comparison of Ahrefs & SEMrush. With the Domain Comparison, you can compare up to 5 domains against each other. Domain Authority scores range from one to 100, with higher scores corresponding to greater likelihood of ranking. ”Local SEO. Ahrefs' Backlink Checker allows you to pinpoint the information you actually need with filters for domain rating, link type, and more. Unfortunately, both Ahrefs and SEMrush are not affordable software for everyone. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. With the help of Ahrefs tools, you can compare domains side-by-side by analyzing their backlink profiles, untapped keywords, and pages worth building. It works by sending the 301 “Moved Permanently” HTTP status response code to the browser or web crawler along with the new destination URL. Broken links. 00 Ahrefs. You’ll get one user seat and access to all SE Ranking features. After the analysis is complete, it’s time to move on to step two, competitor keyword research. Because in today’s post I’m going to compare Semrush. Moz takes the cake in pricing, domain comparison, and link explorer. Check for 140+ SEO issues. Link Intersect. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. These tools pull keyword ideas, estimated monthly search volumes and other SEO metrics from a database of billions of keywords. When a domain's DR is higher, more "link juice" is transferred to linked domains. It makes it possible to analyze in detail the link profile, semantics, content and site positions. You can compare up to 5 domains at one time with this tool. The Advanced strategy is Ahrefs’ most comprehensive strategy. When you do this, you get insight into that domain, including organic keywords, organic monthly traffic, domain score, backlinks, and more. Domain rating (DR), Backlinks, and Published date. This is where you can access the Ahrefs application programming interface (API), the Ahrefs browser toolbar, and other tools like domain comparison and quick batch analysis of multiple backlinks. The best way to identify the best value is by running a comprehensive price comparison across Ahrefs vs Ubersuggest. ”. Here’s how the Ahrefs interface looks like; As you can see above, from Site Explorer to Content Explorer and Keywords Explorer, you can find a ton of data at one. Ahrefs DR (Domain Rating) is a metric that measures the authority of a website’s backlink profile on a scale of 0 to 100. Ahrefs. Ahrefs. 5, respectively) or their user satisfaction rating (98% vs. 3. Google’s Search Quality Raters Guidelines refer to this as “Know” search intent, distinguishing between. With Ahref’s, I can add up to 10 competitors and compare it against my domain (or even the 10 th domain can be a competitor’s domain). Just input or import a list of keywords, add multiple countries per keyword and tell us your competitors’ URLs. Ahrefs Pricing. If the browser requests a domain that’s managed by a Content Delivery Network (CDN), the DNS server will determine the best edge servers to handle that request based on the. DR is measured on a logarithmic scale from 0 to 100, with the latter being the strongest. Who wins by the number of backlinks? For the total number of backlinks, Semrush came out on top with 47. 00 for 7 days. Domain Authority aims to cut through that ambiguity by providing a metric that can compare the SEO strength of different websites based on a consistent methodology. AhrefsBatch Analysis by Ahrefs is a powerful online tool that lets you analyze the SEO performance of multiple URLs at once. Reporting Capabilities. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. This adds SERP updates, content explorer, domain comparison, batch analysis, and more. Of course, that number can change, as the index is fully dynamic and not static. Ahrefs offers a 7 day trial for just $7, whereas SpyFu doesn’t offer a trial, although it does have a 30-day money-back. Ubersuggest: Best for Beginners. 7 out of 10. The software suite has everything that marketers require for link building,. Unlike typical 301 or 302 redirects, which happen on the server, a meta redirect is a client-side redirect. Number of linking websites. 95/mo which is used by over 10 million people worldwide. These features include content explorer, Ahrefs rank, batch analysis, alerts, domain comparison, apps, Ahrefs API, link intersect, SEO toolbar, and WordPress plugin. Ahrefs allows you to add links to a disavow list while you are browsing Site Explorer. See pricing. However, you’ll only be able to track 750 keywords daily. On the other hand, Ubersuggest, created by an esteemed SEO expert, provides an intuitive interface and caters to marketers of all levels. To rank in the regular organic results, you'll need to optimize your website. This gives you insight on how your competitors are doing and make changes based on it. SiteChecker displays not only the Ahrefs rank but also the domain rating, total external backlinks, and much more: These metrics allow you to see how your site is currently performing. For example, the limitations on keyword results and the absence of crucial SEO functions. $99 for Lite. Ahrefs vs Moz: Comparison 1. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. See how well your website ranks compared to other websites in the Ahrefs database (based on the size and quality of their backlink profiles, or domain ranking). com Top subdomains See which keywords are driving traffic Learn which keywords your competitors rank for, and how much traffic each keyword sends their way. Whichever SEO tool you choose is fine since it all boils down to what you need from the. People who search for local businesses like photographers will usually see two types of search results: regular and "map pack. Ahrefs is an SEO and marketing toolkit for digital marketers and businesses. You can compare up to 5 domains at one time with this tool. They provide additional and related information on the search query. The higher a website’s Domain Rating (DR), the stronger and more authoritative it is. As I’m setting up SEO and content marketing for AllFactors I’ve been testing a bunch of SEO tools and doing SEO tools comparison. Ahrefs allows you to track your site rankings for keywords in all geographic locations and languages and is also notified about keyword positions daily. Ahrefs is a popular SEO tool that has gained a strong reputation in the Digital marketing tools space due to its high performance and advanced features. Features Comparison. Ahrefs’ Free Keyword Generator. 5 and 8. When we put process. Ahrefs. Website Auditor. Analyzes your competitors’ link building strategies using domain comparison; Conducts a deep scan of all the links on a website. Overall, Ahrefs seems to have a more comprehensive report than Moz. Organic Keywords. SEMRUSH. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. The comparison results are given with metrics such as images, backlinks, or domain ratings. Ahrefs offers four pricing plans which include: Lite: $99 per month when billed monthly and $83 per month when billed annually. Ahrefs Rank- This allows you to check out the top websites according to Ahrefs rankings. Website authority is calculated based on different factors, depending on the specific tool used in the. Ahrefs. They are winning on ~76% of domains compared to Majestic SEO’s ~24%. The competitor analysis tools of Ahrefs includes: Content Gap, Domain Comparison, Competing Pages, Link Intersect, Competing Domains. SpyFu is much more affordable than Ahrefs, with plans starting from just $33/month, whereas Ahrefs’ plans start at $99/month. SEMrush, which are cool tools for simplistic things but the data isn’t always up to par and the price of the tools in comparison to Ahrefs and its capabilities just wasn’t worth it. A website’s Domain Rating (DR) shows its backlink strength compared to others in Ahrefs’ database. Crucially, Ahrefs uses its own proprietary ranking called “Domain Rating”, instead of Moz’s “Domain Authority. AhrefsBot is the most active web crawler in the “Search Engine Optimization” category on Cloudflare Radar. You can even compare their capabilities and pricing conditions along with other useful details below. Ahrefs trial plans are priced at $7. Ahrefs Site Explorer provides a suite of tools including a component for backlink & on-page SEO analysis, online brand mentions tracking, and domain comparison tool for competitor analysis, etc. Once again, the Ahrefs Rank Tracker is the easier-to-understand tool – mainly because there’s just one page without many additional features. Considered by many to be the “Original Godfather” of the SEOtool world – and for good reason – this suite of search engine optimizationtools has been around since 2004. a/ Domain Comparison & Batch Report. 7 out of 10. Ahrefs Site Explorer provides a suite of tools including a component for backlink & on-page SEO analysis, online brand mentions tracking, and domain comparison tool for competitor analysis, etc. It can assist you in doing your keyword research, site auditing, rank tracking, link building, and competitor analysis. Ahrefs offers subscription packages for any budget. Ahrefs is an SEO tool providers. Business: $399. Ahrefs is used to do backlink analysis, keyword research, track positions of pages, and compare SEO visibility scores. As you scroll down, the Ahrefs also compares these domains in terms of graphs and traffic that they are getting. Lite ($99 per month, best for beginners). Using this backlink data, Ahrefs calculates Ahrefs Rank, Domain Rating, and URL rating. The second step is to click on “Organic keywords” under the “Organic search” section. Simply navigate to the 'Dr Comparison' section in Ahrefs and enter the names or URLs of the doctors you want to compare. 95 for Pro. AdWords Top and AdWords Bottom. Ahrefs Domain Rating According to Ahrefs: “Domain Rating (DR) shows the strength of a website’s backlink profile compared to the others in our database on a 100-point scale. When people wonder “how accurate is SEMrush,” the keyword explorer feature is the first advantage that’s mentioned. This adds SERP updates, content explorer, domain comparison, batch analysis, and more. So I. ; Ahrefs is the best alternative to Semrush, and it is a much better tool than Semrush. (Fresh and Historic), it also allows marketers to different views of how their domain is performing. Batch Analysis: With this feature, you can analyze up to 200 URLs at once to get metrics on domain rating, backlinks, organic traffic, and more. Domain Traffic. Ahrefs is a well-known tool primarily used for checking backlinks, but what most SEOs forget to take into consideration is that it is capable of so much more. Uncover novel insights with visual reports and gain a competitive edge. Both tools are free for website owners. 12. Refer to Principles of Domain Rating calculation for more information about Domain Rating. Đây là nơi bạn so sánh từ 2-5 trang web một cách trực tiếp trên Ahrefs. Cons Domain Comparison – Ahrefs provides a domain comparison tool, which allows users to compare up to five domains side-by-side, including a comparison of organic traffic, backlinks, and other metrics. Starts at $99/month for the Lite plan, with additional plans available for larger businesses. They refer to themselves as “the largest index of live backlinks. The comparison results are given with metrics such as images, backlinks, or domain ratings. Guru: $199. Whether you want to compare competitors, audit your own pages, or research potential link opportunities, Batch Analysis can help you save time. 65% wins. Here at Ahrefs, we have a website authority metric of our own called Domain Rating. Ahrefs Review: In-Depth. A mirror site is a website that has been copied and hosted on another server. Top content reports:. The Pew Internet and American Life Project reports that about 80% of Internet users look for medical or health-related information online. Let’s compare the keyword and backlink databases of both Semrush and Ahrefs. [Score: 2-1 in favor of Semrush] EXCLUSIVE OFFER. Ahrefs Site Explorer provides a suite of tools including a component for backlink & on-page SEO analysis, online brand mentions tracking, and domain comparison tool for competitor analysis, etc. The main differences between Ahrefs vs SpyFu are: SpyFu does not include a broken link checker, which you can employ as part of your link building plan using Ahrefs. Ahrefs. Ahrefs Rank (AR) ranks all the websites in our database in order, by the size and quality of their dofollow referring domains — basically, by their DR . On the other hand, Ubersuggest, created by an esteemed SEO expert, provides an intuitive interface and caters to marketers of all levels. It is a system that translates domain names into Internet Protocol (IP) addresses, making it possible for the user to access a website without memorizing the IP address. Se pris Use the following Ahrefs’ tools & reports to compare major competitor domains and uncover novel insights. They’ve won all of my testing historically. According to Ahrefs, this second metric is “a proprietary indicator that shows the strength of a target website’s overall backlink profile (in terms of its quantity and quality). Ahrefs can also monitor a website’s traffic flow.