The finite element model was verified by. After reaching this value, the steel becomes fully plastic. The other. The effective transmission of moments and shear forces from the beam to the column is key to the full exploitation of the structural performance. 75bmt Stud 491 64mm x 0. Headed shear connectors are typically made from low-carbon steel and consist of a cylindrical shaft with a cylindrical head. 124 100 12. When designing shear wall end posts where holdown anchors are installed, it is common to use posts made from multiple plies of 2x studs (e. 62% and 16. Spacing 4 times diameter between studs in plane perpendicular to the shear force and 6 times diameter in the direction of the shear force is generally adequate to develop full. 5×6-in post). 6m and 4. 2. The shear connection needs to be verified atStandards New Zealand: Wellington. They are primarily used for holding together heavy timber, fixing metal to timber and in some cases masonry or concrete. Refer to Figure 1. Our Shear Studs are constructed with an unwavering dedication to both quality and compliance to insure that our Shear Connectors surpass the rigorous AS1554. 0m, 3. Shear walls. In the erection, the concrete deck is at first prefabricated in the casting yard with a series. Additional mechanical anchors or shear studs, acting together with the through-bolts, may also be used to resist the vertical force from the diagonal strut especially if the tube inner surface is smooth. 23. Refer to Figure 1. CD Stud Capabilities & Capacities. 1 (a)). Time and Amps by Stud Diameter. 5. Lower shear strength of the concrete-concrete interface will cause the interface cracking of the push-out specimen, which occurs before the stud. 2 Framing grade in loadbearing walls. In the drawing area, select the steel elements to connect. Do not skimp on3. Capacity nZ' Net Section Tension Z NT ' Row Tear-out Z RT ' Group Tear-out Z GT ' s row = 4" s row = 5" 1 9562 7706 7875 6418 7260These stud anchors strengthen the parts of buildings where steel framing connects to concrete. 2. 0 kN Screw Type 17-14g x 35mm 3. Considering the number of 200 shear stud, we can distribute the shear stud in 25 rows of 8, similar to the one shown in Fig. 9 c). To avoid this, it is recommended to use the anchor design software PROFIS anchor) The design method is based on the following simplification: No different loads are acting on individual anchors (no eccentricity) The values are valid for one anchor. Weichen Xue et al (2008) put forth a new expression of stud load-slip relationship (P/Pu=S/0. Box #39364, Office No. The theoretical unit weight shear connector M19*100 is 0. 2,. metal deck. 258kgs in fact for the mild steel (such as SWRCH18A, SWRCH15A, etc. The cover width is just 600mm, creating lightweight sheets that. Abstract: The use of headed stud shear reinforcement has been widely accepted as an effective strategy to improve the punching shear resisting performance of reinforced concrete (RC) flat plates. 099 150 14. This is a preprint of the following paper submitted to the Journal of. Stud SDWS SDWS Bearer-to-Post/Pile Connection SDWS Ledger-to-Stud Connection SDWS Stud-to-Top Plate Cross Section. long, so that they will extend a minimum of 12 in. This means that in the Shear stud dialog, for each specific shear stud type, you have. Its profile has been specially designed with trough stiffeners and side laps positioned to guarantee centrally placed shear studs. The conventional construction requires a long. They are easier to fix on-site and can prove to be a more cost-effective solution. 12) and varies between 0. 3m, 3. P S = p s A s. Head Type Flat Head. Push-out tests, according to EN1994-1-1, using 4 M16 — grade 8. The capacity of a stud to transfer shear is limited either by the shear strength of the. It is an ideal solution to the design and construction problems associated with punching shear. BC1: 2023 Design Guide for the Use of Alternative Structural Steel to Eurocode 3TRB hosted a webinar on Thursday, June 22, 2023 from 2:00 PM to 3:30 PM Eastern that discussed recent research efforts into the behavior of headed shear studs in composite bridge girders and address recent design provision changes. 7. Many features have been An additional three steel–concrete composite using shear studs were fabricated, which were numbered as B1, B2, and B3. When PTFE sheeting was added to reduce friction at the steel–concrete interface,. The primary parameters considered include reserved hole shape, loading path, and deck. Time and Amps by Stud Diameter. In order to study the shear behavior of a group of shear studs placed on a composite beam, a total of 16 pushout tests were conducted, including 4 specimens with cast-in-place (CIP) concrete decks and 12 specimens with precast concrete (PC) decks. 2 mm (7/8 in. Moreover, it wasAbstract. 55bmt Stud with Hem 251 92mm x 0. This can easily be achieved in RM Bridge by adding a series of longitudinal static spring elements in the girders to simulate this and extract the Normal forces in this elements to be applied for the Shear Stud Modelling. The welding of shear studs in steel-concrete composite construction is governed by standards that ensure the appropriate weld quality is achieved (SCNZ, 2020b). TGN, Technical Guidance Notes; TGN Online (Requires Register or Login)Our wall framing calculator is extremely easy to use! You only need two values: The stud OC (on-center) spacing; and. 5. In steel deck composite construction shear studs typically consist of 19mm diameter steel bar with an enlarged head at the top. The shearer is using a sling for back support. Maximum resistances from the experimental tests are compared with the predictions of EC 4 and results from other. design values in shear which apply to bolts of the same nominal diameter (M20) in varying strength grades, used in various joint designs, in standard size holes (Kh=1), in accordance with AS4100. A. 7. I am wondering to find a source for designing double-head shear studs in Australia. The first parameter is the yield stress of stirrups where its effect on the punching shear is studied by using stirrups with different yield stresses of 240 MPa and 420 MPa. . OTHER PRODUCTS. Designed to interconnect the concrete slab to the load bearing steel beams. 88 H4L 68 101-053-012 times diameter in the direction of the shear force is generally 15. 1 Shear stud connectors As discussed in the previous sections, the. 9. 10:00 AM. Figure 10. nz Shear Connector Studs. Strong-Drive® SDWS Timber Screw Limit States-Reference Characteristic Load Values (N) for Timber-to-Timber Connections1,2,3,4,5 Model Screw Length (mm) Timber. Stick Out by Stud Diameter. This equation, which was adopted in CP 117 ([34,35] in Chapter 2), assumes concrete crushing failure rather than a shear failure of the headed stud. Download the PDF to find the best product for your needs, with detailed specifications and images. The dimensions of the specimens were 480 × 450 × 450 mm. They are widely used in steel building, bridges, etc. The advertised length of our shear studs is length before the welding process. Investigation of stud shear connectors for composite concrete and steel T-beams. co. Notably, previous studies have shown that the stud height was also a non-negligible factor in the shear stiffness of studs [20], [21]. 5 in. The shear strength, shear stiffness, and ductility of these welded stud connectors were investigated and compared with the predictions by the equations recommended in existing design codes. The recommended minimum concrete cover to the top of the stud is 15mm, this should be increased to 20mm if the. The computation of the shear strength of a single connector is addressed in SCM I3. The concrete strength was C30, the steel plate was made of Q345 steel and had a thickness of 10 mm. Shear Stud Lion tersedia dalam berbagai ukuran dan jenis koneksi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konstruksi yang berbeda. Ductile concrete connections. 9 (b) and (c)). 00. Normally the shear studs are welded, with a spot welder, after the metal deck is installed over the supporting structural steel. ), with a general height of 127 mm (5 in. Abstract. The experiments reported that the ultimate bolt capacity was twice that of the welded studs. Studs are generally placed in rows, the spacing (and thus the number per unit length) being dependent on the design shear force between girder and slab. Need drag strut/collector to get shear to solid portion. The app offers optimized steel deck design solutions based on cost or labor for a given shear and uplift. WEB178415. Shear studs refer to the installation of steel pins or grommets, that extend out of the top flange of a steel support beam. hicks@hera. High Country wheat studs. Product Enquiry Welded Shear Stud. NZ Designers. 47% higher than those of the studs with 14 mm and 18 mm diameters, respectively. Annotations. Nelson shear studs can be welded on either side of the center rib depending on the position of the sheet with respect to the support beam. We offer the largest selection of standard in-stock construction stud fasteners. 7/28/2019 Shear Stud Cap in Steel Decks 1/20SHEAR STUD CAPACITY IN PROFILED STEELDECKSRAED J. NATIONWIDE COVERAGE Auckland (Head Office) 560 Rosebank Road, Avondale Phone 09 828 2777 Fax 09 828 2424 Albany Unit 4, 4 William Pickering DriveL. 1. 2, 13 H4L 205 101-053-010 studs in a plane perpendicular to the shear force and six H 16 H4L 68 101-053-012 times diameter in the direction of the shear force is generally 16 H4L 106 101 -053 015 adequate to develop full stud capacity. Since 1939, Nelson ® has been creating powerful, cost-effective stud welding fasteners and equipment — providing engineered components, split-second fastening, training, and application support that improve productivity for construction, nuclear, shipbuilding, and industrial markets. 0m, 3. When designing shear wall end posts where holdown anchors are installed, it is common to use posts made from multiple plies of 2x studs (e. [6] BS 5950-3. 1 has a series of images of typical steel headed stud anchors on a steel beam. Contact Supplier. 9 MB. The feasibility of two types of high-strength bolts in rehabilitation for old. Design value in shear, kN Bolt and Threads Threads joint included in excluded from designation shear plane shear plane 4. Plywood is the conventional material used in wood (timber) shear walls, but with advances in technology and modern building methods, other. Since the advent of the stud welding gun in the late 1950's, the use of shear connectors (studs) in composite construction has gained popularity. NZS 3604:1990 cites NZS 4203:1992 General structural design and design loadings for buildings - SPONSORED. 0 m), and the embodied carbon of the materials. The terms “stud welding” and “shear stud” are commonly used in the process of attaching steel frames to composite floor constructions. This allows architects and engineers to create unique and innovative designs while still ensuring the safety and stability of the structure. Many features have beenAn additional three steel–concrete composite using shear studs were fabricated, which were numbered as B1, B2, and B3. 210 70 14. 9 (a)) and the failure sections (Fig. Q s = shear strength of one shear stud. Resistance of shear connection Headed stud shear connectors. In the connector, the studs are arranged group-by-group at multiple locations on the top surface of steel members. Eliminates column capitals. 6. 8 carbon steel to get the most out of adhesive tensile capacities and provide higher shear capacities than regular Grade 4. Compared with clustered studs, the distribution of. 5 kPa and 2. Steel & Tube offers a metal fastening solution for every application and our products are commonly used in the construction, manufacturing, general engineering and fabrication sectors. Size range 1/4" to 1" dia. number of studs is determined from the classic shear equation, Ic VQ ν= (1. Keywords: angles, composite bridges, channels, historic, material properties, NZ Transport Agency, NZ Transport Agency Bridge manual 3rd edition, shear connector, shear studs, standards. They have a head, so poured concrete embeds them solidly. 52 19 x 95 Shear Stud, 19 x 95 HSC, CS 6060 019 095 0. ASTM A108 Shear Studs, Shear Stud Connector, Shear Connector Shear Stud Bolt, popularly-priced Welding stud shear connector/nelson stud bolts, steel bolts. Two each of the strong. To improve the punching shear capacity of flat slab constructions, previous researches proposed using standard shear reinforcement, shear head steel, shear stud, helix reinforcement, and lattice. Duplicate an Existing Shear Stud When setting up to create new shear studs, it is easier and faster to start from an existing configuration that is closest to your requirements and modify only some of the parameters to obtain your. Nelson shear connectors meet requirements of the following codes: . 00 (Exc GST) $4,450. Fatigue concerns result in most bridges in North American requiring more than double the number of. The expression for the nominal stud strength,4 which has been incorporated in the AISC LRFD specification and is the basis for the tabular values given in the AISC ASD specification,5 is given by: Q n = 0. 38. Shear Connector Design software [10] AS/NZS 1554. 2d(3) for studs and SCM I3. Headed Concrete anchors are available for welding to flat surfaces, inside angles and outside angles. of stud shear reinforcement s depends on the level of the shear stress (Eq. Associates has been supplying and servicing customers throughout New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, into New England and Canada with stud welding supplies, equipment, and general support since 1972. The capacity of a stud to transfer shear is limited either by the. 22. 34. 25. Section 15. MATERIAL Low carbon steel, ASTM A29/A108, 1010-1020. (2020). Used to add shear studs on steel girder and slab type bridge. 2. 00. [email protected] the steel-SFRCC composite beams, the shear bearing capacities of the studs with 22 mm diameter was 47. 8 bolts with embedded nut in the same layout and test set-up as for previously investigated headed. ComFlor is manufactured in New Zealand by Steel & Tube under license from Tata Steel UK. Open An Account with Us. Ancon DSDQ. In the table, As has been taken as equal to At . 0 37. South Univ. It is also important to know that Advance Steel works with valid combinations. Nelson ® offers a complete line of portable and feed stud welding systems to meet even the most demanding of stud welding performance requirements. However, the specific placement and layout of the shear studs provided in flat plates tends to vary. 19 MPa∼200 MPa to establish a reliable database. The evaluation procedure is an extension of the existing evaluation steps in the NZ Transport Agency’s Bridge manual (3rd edition). Orthogonal. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examplesDefine shear stud. Wish List. 2 ISBN 0850730155 Bates,W. 43, AL Jazira Building, Behind Al Maktoum Hospital, Near Marmar Hotel, Yusuf Baker Road, Deira, Dubai – U. Weld the new headed shear connector to the top flange of the existing steel beam using a stud welding gun (Figure 6). 5. 6 Cast-in Anchor NZS 3101:2006, Clause 17. We will weld the studs to the beams through the deck sheet. Behavior of grouped stud shear connectors between precast high-str ength concrete slabs and steel beams . Dowload our Walls Handbook SRP Ltd Wall Handbook PDF DownloadWhen installing shear studs, the length after weld should extend at least 35mm above the top of the main rib of the deck profile. A sc is the area of the stud and Fu is the minimum specified tensile strength of a stud shear connector (normally specified as 65ksi in the US). What is Stud Welding. Takabayashi, Y. (13 mm) studs. 1 Shear stud connectors As discussed in the previous sections, the. 3 of the American Wood Council’s (AWC’s) National Design Specification ® (NDS ® ) for Wood Construction includes provisions for built-up. 1 General 6. gen@masterspec. Two normal concrete classes were labelled P1 and P2, and. These machines are available for both hire and purchase. 97S) and a calculation model of stud shear bearing capacity considering the effects of stud diameter and height, concrete strength, stud welding technique, transverse reinforcement and steel beam type on stud shear bearing capacity. Available in Mild steel and High Tensile in various Threads, and in Black, Zinc plated, and Stainless steel. Figure 1 Typical shear stud connectors shear connector SD UF threaded stud with flange (pitch) PS — unthreaded stud US — Short-cycle drawn arc stud welding stud with internal thread IS —. Diameter Selects the shear. e. (2003). 7. 3. Supplied to, and trusted by the construction industry for more than 30 years, Tray-dec products are manufactured to comply with the latest building standard in steel composite structures AS/NZS. Our drawings clearly indicate that the studs should be welded on the center. Do not skimp onDesign aid - Table of design properties for individual metric hexagonal bolts including stress area, yield strength, ultimate strength, shear resistance, tensile resistance, interaction between shear and tension, bearing resistance, punching shear resistance. Meets with AWS and all other applicable specifications. 12. D. Because of the inter connection or composite construction resists shear loading between the concrete and steel beams. Click to have the program validate if the current shear stud placement for the beam group contains any definition issues. The value of γM2 must be provided manually when different than 1. Nelson headed shear connectors deliver code specified shear strength values as used in composite construction, securing concrete to steel structural components. 258kgs in fact for the mild steel (such as SWRCH18A, SWRCH15A, etc. Slab closure angles. concrete as shown in Figure 4. Ideal for renovating old buildings where welding on existing cast-iron beams can be problematic. 2018. E-mail: stephen. 2:2010 and so comply with the provisions of the New Zealand Building Code through clause 2. 5A sc f c' E c ≤ A sc F u (1) where Asc = cross-sectional area of a stud shear connectorStandard sizes for shear studs, which are readily available from suppliers and typically used in steel composite bridge decks, are of heights (in mm) 125, 150, 175, 200, 250 and diameters (in mm) 16 19 22 25. Standard Shear Studs are Effective with ComFlor 60 The Steel Construction Institute confirmed in Note AD147 that the shear connectors should extend at least 35mm above the. J Proc, 52 (4) (1956), pp. 2d(3) for studs and SCM I3. 8. When welded to base metal, it will be approximately 5mm shorter after. Refer to NZS 3404. 6 m). Description. The plywood sheathing helps to transfer. 25 × 1. Shear connectors are required on the top flange of steel composite bridge girders to provide the necessary shear transfer be-tween the steel girder and composite slab that is required for composite action. Edward “Ted” Nelson ® invented the stud welding process at the Mare Island shipyard in Vallejo, California, as a means to speed production of shipbuilding. The procedure to determine the key characteristics of the wedge block is established. Shear connectors are required on the top flange of steel composite bridge girders to provide the necessary shear transfer between the steel girder and composite slab that is required for composite action. 6. 5. Welded shear studs sometimes referred to as headed shear studs, are by far the most common and established method of shear connection when designing or specifying steel-concrete composite construction. High Country wheat necklace. About Traydec. SHEAR STUD definition: a stud that transfers shear stress between metal and concrete in composite structural. 14359/51734797. Here is a list of the tags available from the family library included with Revit (C:ProgramDataAutodeskRVT ####Libraries<Location>Annotations): Folder. Therefore, the minimum length after weld (LAW) should be 95mm for the TR60+ or R51 and 115mm for TR80+. where A s is the cross-sectional area of the stud diameter d (mm 2 units), f c is the concrete cylinder compressive strength (N/mm 2), and E c is the static modulus of elasticity of the concrete (N/mm 2). Material Steel. Download the PDF to find the best product for your needs, with detailed specifications and images. Minimum Flange Thickness to prevent localised bending of the flange at ultimate loading and minimise the chance of weld blow-through = 0. Konnect Fastening Systems NZ are proud to stock and procure New Zealand's largest range of Fasteners, Hardware, Power Tools & More. PUNCHING SHEAR5. NOT SOLD SEPARATELY. Enquires: Auckland Tel: 09 820 9133 Fax: 09 820 9131 Wellington Tel: 04 233 9421 or 04 233 8131 Fax: 04 233 1072 Email: sales@nelsonstud. Testing on studs4. Under long-term cyclic loads from traffic on bridges, headed shear studs in steel–concrete composite beams are vulnerable to fatigue damage. In my career as a joiner, the most common spacing I have worked with, is 400mm centres. Full range in stock: 16mm,19mm,22mm,25mm from 50mm law to 300mm law. The larger connectors can be used in joints up to 60mm wide. Stud shear stress measurements for specimens having a Class A flange friction surface (cleaned mill-scale surface) experienced stud demands that were nearly 66% lower than those estimated by the AASHTO provisions which neglect friction effects. ComFlor is manufactured in New Zealand by Steel & Tube under license from Tata Steel UK. 7m - 5. Drawn Arc Threaded and Unthreaded Studs are recommended for fastening applications where threads are needed for the full fastener length. 12. B. So I went ahead and replaced all the studs and nuts wit OEM parts. Need drag strut/collector to get shear to solid portion. 3m, 3. This offers the most stability when fixing plasterboard and is the correct size to ensure boards land on the studs for fixing. The weld collar remained almost intact on the web plate and the. Besides equipment, shear stud connectors can be produced based on the standard of EN ISO 13918; AWS D1. Its profile has been specially designed with trough stiffeners and side laps positioned to guarantee centrally placed shear studs. The primary stud welding standard, AS 1554. 4. from $117. Once you select the beam group on which you want to place the Shear Stud group, the Place Shear Studs dialog opens. In my experience the most common are: 400mm centres (most stud wall spacing in the UK) 450mm centres. addition to shear wall and diaphragm design,. C. Used to add shear studs on steel girder and slab type bridge. Shear Stud Connector Type SD (AS/NZ 1554. LNG Station Fabrication LNG station fabrication uses highest standard SINOARS shear connectors, Φ19 x 150 and Φ16 x 150. This paper reports on the behavior of headed shear stud connectors for use in steel frames with partially restrained connections and reinforced concrete infill walls, attached compositely to the steel frame around the perimeter of each wall panel (S-RCW system), subjected to seismic loading. The bearing capacity of shear stud connectors from the simplified design equations in different building codes tends to be underestimated because of a relatively large safety factor. Generally the shear studs will be welded, with a spot welder (known as ferrule), after the metal deck is installed over the supporting structural steel. Following New Zealand and international 2017 Nelson® Stud Welding Stud, Ferrule & Accessory Catalog This catalog is designed to be a user-friendly source of online information about the Nelson Stud Welding line of studs, anchors, pins, and the standard accessories used to weld them. [11] AS 4100:1998 Steel structures – Australian Standards – publish– ed on 5 June 1998 – Reconfirmed in 2005 – Including amendment no 1. A. 05% max. 6. The overall strength of the combination of materials is stronger than either material rated separately, which makes this an ideal match for high rise buildings. 5. 3 Past research on the theoretical strength of shear connectors 2. Slabs, pile caps, footings, raft foundations, etc. NOT SOLD SEPARATELY. org. 00. SSRL Project N° 0402 63768-21-0000 March, 2019 SSRL Report N° 2019/1 Final report submitted to. Mechanical Properties. 8 carbon steel to get the most out of adhesive tensile capacities and provide higher shear capacities than regular Grade 4. It makes calculations for any solution generated and produces a submittal package that includes fastener information, code reports, Factory Mutual reports, Appendix VII of DDM03, coating information and tools for. The failure surface of the fractured studs consists of a smooth surface and a rough surface, which are associated with fatigue and fracture caused by. When the wall runs parallel to the floor joists, it typically is not a load-bearing wall. Hilti web-based software available to aid optimum. ii. Some sizes available in split threads for example UNF on one end and UNC on the other. 5 of the average maximum load for screws tested in tension and shear, respectively. concrete over 3 in. 2d(4) for channel shear anchors. The most widely used form of shear connector is the headed stud, or shear stud. Simpson Strong-Tie ® (New Zealand) Ltd Call 09 477 4440. Viest carried out the initial studies on stud shear connectors, where full-scale push out specimens were tested with various sizes and spacing of the studs. Need to provide prescriptive seismic reinforcement everywhere. 5. 6. The spacing of the shear connectors is determined by dividing the connector strength by the. Free edges in the 71. Improved push specimen, according to Hicks and Smith (2014) 2. Good practices and bad practicesFor any further c. Nelson headed shear connectors deliver code specified shear strength values as used in composite construction, securing concrete to steel structural components. 2 is adopted. Shear and bending checks are in accordance with NZS 3101:2006, AS/NZS2327:2017 and BS 5950-4:1994. Welded Shear Stud. Building and bridge deck construction incorporates large numbers of studs , ranging from 10, 000 to more than 200,000 at a single location. Auckland Bridge- New Zealand Bon Air Bridge Bay Bridge-San Francisco-Oakland Blast Protection of Bridges Carquinez Bridges Seismic Retrofit Earthquake Damage Investigation-Iran. Abstract. To complement crack investigations, Ovuoba et al. Stud Shear Connectors. Structural frames. Nelson Stud Welding - NZ Nelson Stud Welding has been operating in New Zealand for 40 years, with operating bases in Auckland, Wellington and Christchurch. nz; PO Box 22058, Otahuhu, The overall height of a stud should be not less than 3d, where d is the diameter of the shank (as per IS 11384 it is 4d or 100 mm). The information contained in this document is current as at October 2022. Spacing 4 times diameter between studs in plane perpendicular to the shear force and 6 times diameter in the direction of the shear force is generally adequate to develop full stud capacity 9. The double shear, guillotine tests were conducted with a three plate fixture. Free edges in theThe overall height of a stud should be not less than 3d, where d is the diameter of the shank (as per IS 11384 it is 4d or 100 mm). Scope. Tensile 75,000psi (max) Yield 64,000psi (max) Elongation 20% (in 2 inches) Ferrule. 6 Cast-in Anchor NZS 3101:2006, Clause 17. For Series 2, three different moment-to-shear ratios were applied to the connections (0. Double + Gap. The focus in this article is on the head stud shear connector type. Nelson shear. This paper presents results from an experimental and analytical study of the fatigue behavior of headed shear studs to address the lack of existing experimental data near the assumed CAFL and to better characterize the effects of fatigue uncertainty on predicted response. 5 of the average maximum load for screwsTo place shear studs. NZ Designers Designer New Arrivals. $113. For steel–concrete composite structure, a new type of stud–PBL composite shear connector can improve the shear resistance of steel–concrete interface, and polypropylene fiber ceramsite concrete can reduce the self-weight. D2L Deformed Bar Anchors. 5. Presenters provided an overview of recent updates to the shear stud fatigue provisions and new provisions for. Under the same concrete type and stud diameter, the ultimate shear capacities of the specimens with 80 mm and 120 mm stud lengths. Angle Brace can be used as an anti-sag mechanism for purlins or girts. Install them using conventional welding or specialized stud welders; a ferrule is included for use with stud welders. These fasteners secure beams and resist loading between concrete and steel components in a composite construction.